Differences Between an Electric Violin, a "MIDI Capable" Violin and a True Violin Synthesizer

A number of questions are often asked about the difference between an electric violin, a so-called "MIDI capable" electric violin and a Violin Synthesizer. While the question is a good one, the differences between the three are significant.

Electric Violins

Electric violin is a large category that includes at least three major sub-categories:

1. solid body instruments
2. chambered (semi-hollow)
3. acoustic violins with the right pickups installed

Each of the three types of electric violin are, of course, played through an amplifier and have their own kind of distinctive sound, which is a player preference matter. Each of the three types rely on some type of transducer to convert vibrations from either the bridge or the top of the instrument (or both) to an audio signal, which is sent to an amplifier, either via a cable or some type of wireless transmission technology. The signal may, and usually does, go through a pre-amp first, either built into the instrument, or in the form of an effects box on the floor. The purpose of the pre-amp is to boost the signal and/or match it optimally with the amplifier. An electric violin without pre-amping usually sounds thin and weak...in fact, horrible at best!

The type of pickup used is amazingly similar on all three types of electric violin...a piezo electric element that responds to bridge movements is by far the most common type of pickup used. These are placed somewhere on the bridge. There are pickups that respond to movement of the top of the instrument. These are generally placed under the bridge feet. Such a pickup is generally used for acoustic violins; however, I have have seen them on chambered-body and even solid-bodied instruments.

There are other kinds of pickups that rely on things like magnetic resonance, but their use is not common and they are very expensive.

With the right kind of equalization controls (yet another piece of equipment) and other types of "exciter" boxes, one can get something like a natural, but louder sound out of an acoustic violin. Chambered and solid body violins generally sound like, well, electric violins, with some exceptions...very expensive solid or chambered instruments specifically designed to give a pretty natural-sounding acoustic sound are made.

There is much more that could be said about electric violins, but the bottom line is that they are in no way synthesizers, unless, of course, they are special electric violins referred to often as "MIDI capable." Then, there is an argument to be had about whether or not they are synthesizers.

"MIDI-Capable" Electric Violins:

MIDI stands for Musical Instrument Digital Interface and is the standard system of codes used for making one piece of synthesizer equipment communicate and send control messages (i.e. play this note) to another piece of synthesizer equipment. The big name in MIDI-capable bowed instruments is Zeta, who also makes the necessary electronic equipment for converting audio signals from a violin pickup to a DAW (Digital Audio Workstation), generally special software running on a computer.

At the risk of over-simplifying, MIDI-Capable means that the instrument (an electric violin) is designed in such a way that there is absolute acoustic separation between each string. A MIDI-capable violin might have 10 separate transducers installed on a very special bridge. The problem with MIDI-capable instruments is the considerable lag time (enough milliseconds that it is noticed by the player) involved in converting the violin's audio signals to MIDI commands, which are then further processed by the DAW software on the computer, one type of which is illustrated in the photo of Ableton Live with the Tension instrument acoustics modeling system add-on shown (click on the image for a larger view.).

• True Violin Synthesizer/MIDI Control Surface: There are none on the market yet; however, Don Rickert Research & Design and a firm called Visual Strings are both independently working on such an instrument. There will be more on the Violin Synth in other postings and demonstrations of prototypes can be seen and heard in videos on this site. For now, you can view the posting entitled:

control surface, Don Rickert, electric violin, Fiddarci Lutherie, fiddle, Maggini, MIDI, octave, purpose-built, violin

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